Le cancer du testicule et survie des patients
Résumé
Le cancer du testicule (CT) est la tumeur la plus répandue chez les jeunes hommes âgés de 15 à 40 ans avec une incidence annuelle de 3 à 11 nouveaux cas pour 100 000 hommes dans les pays occidentaux. En 2020, le Centre international de recherche sur le cancer a signalé 74 458 nouveaux cas de CT diagnostiqués dans le monde. L’étiologie du CT est complexe et comprend à la fois des facteurs génétiques et environnementaux. Le pronostic du CT est excellent avec un taux de guérison > 90 % et un taux de survie à 5 ans > 95 % avec un traitement approprié. Les traitements du CT comprennent la surveillance active, la chimiothérapie, la radiothérapie et le curage ganglionnaire rétropéritonéal, en fonction du stade clinique et du sous-type de la tumeur. Il est essentiel que les patients reçoivent des informations sur le diagnostic, les options thérapeutiques, les conséquences des traitements et les protocoles de surveillance, ce qui leur permet de jouer un rôle actif dans le processus de prise de décision. La peur d’une récidive affecte souvent les survivants d’un CT. Par conséquent, il est indispensable d’impliquer pleinement le patient dans le choix du traitement afin de garantir une observance optimale, en particulier lorsqu’on opte pour la stratégie de surveillance active. À la lumière des excellents résultats obtenus dans la prise en charge du CT, l’une des priorités est de fournir des traitements curatifs tout en réduisant au minimum la toxicité à long terme. Cette approche peut avoir un impact positif sur la qualité de vie et l’espérance de vie des survivants d’un CT.
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